The True Story About Abortion Research Paper That the Experts Dont Want You to Know

The True Story About Abortion Research Paper That the Experts Don't Want You to Know Abortion Research Paper for Dummies In that instance, welfare of the adoptee is provided the most important consideration. At the same time, there's strong evidence that abortion increases the chance of breast cancer. In instances of rape, teen pregnancy, and potential birth defects, abortion would not just appear to be permissible but perhaps even vital. As a consequence, it has always led to serious health implications including not being able to have a child and at worst deaths. Abortion Research Paper - the Story Browsing our essay writing samples can offer you a good idea whether the standard of our essays is the quality you're looking for. The second portion of the paper includes. A topic should be researchable. Therefore, if you cannot select an intriguing topic for your adoption paper, you can google and pick an intriguing quote to turn into the foundation for the writing. Creating an outline will help you keep on track and can also function as a check list that will help you ensure you cover all parts of your topic. If you are going to produce a good outline for a research paper on abortion, the following are a few important details you need to not forget. The following ought to be taken note of. This manual will help to become familiarized with all crucial strategies and tricks related to research project writing on such a particular topic question. The One Thing to Do for Abortion Research Paper For example, the explanations for conducting abortions ought to be in individual paragraphs from the paragraphs explaining the process. Currently a new study, thought of as the absolute most rigorous to consider the question in the USA, undermines that claim. When you compose a research paper on abortion you're in danger of running into some possible pitfalls. An abortion research paper is a part of academic writing that requires an essential amount o f inquiry into the topic of terminating pregnancy. If you anticipate addressing one question, you have to place a lot of thought into how you came to your conclusion. It is probably that you will discover some decent ideas concerning the given topic. Be certain that you handle various issues in distinct paragraphs. You also need to define the subject in the introduction so the reader can get a notion of what it is that they will be reading. Anyway, people must deal with somebody else's life, among the most valuable things an individual can have, so it's necessary to consider carefully and consider every detail. Research work is something which most people have a tendency to take lightly. As stated by the Bible, in the event of adultery, women should occasionally be made to miscarry.D. Generally, the majority of the women that are pregnant agree that social reasons are definitely the most typical reason for abor tions (Weir-linger, 2014). Men and women believe abortion, leading to jeopardy for an issue in control, it's defined also. Abortion is a rather sensitive matter. It is a simple and safe procedure if it is done by trained medical workers during the first trimester. It is a complex issue with many individuals debating about its legality, whether it is murder, the inhumane procedures used to carry out the procedure successfully, and the various medical and health situations that support the abortion practice . Abortion was regarded as a controversial issue for centuries. It is very useful.A. It is immoral and it should not be legalized. For several years, it has been and will be an extremely controversial subject not only in the United Sates but also in many other countries. As stated earlier, parental consent isn't the only reason for the reduce abortion rates among adolescents. Indeed, if it's found that abortion might in fact be dangerous to health of women, there's just cause for governments to regulate or prohibit abortion to be able to guard their citizens. Many nations ban abortion and lots of institutions fight against it. For instance, one possible results of abortion related infections is sterility.

Gender Equity Issues - 1157 Words

Gender Equity Issues Case study Gather Information Gathering information to validate gender issues in the workplace is a better approach than merely assuming the validity of information provided. Gender discrimination is a problem across different countries, organizations, and cultures. It is rooted in traditional patriarchal norms, which put women as minor people in their respective workplaces and homes. Gender discrimination negatively affects women because it harms their social health, lowers their output in the workplace, and makes them receive unfair and biased treatment from employers. In most cases, there are no clear policies in place to eliminate these problems. Hence, the gathering of information to validate the†¦show more content†¦Therefore, gender inequality affects performance of female employees because of their social stance in the institution. Benefits and Risks of the Approach Consequently, the approach of gathering information has its benefits and risks. The advantage of following the approach is that it encourages equal participation of all departments, which considers different ways of solving the problem at hand. The approach is also beneficial to leaders in different departments. These leaders have a privilege to share their experiences of gender inequality, and hence, shed extra light on its existence in diverse departments of the institution. The group discussion will also help in determining the perceptions and attitudes of leaders about the issue. Hence, from the perspectives of leaders, the vice president can have an enhanced understanding, and thus, can make an informed decision on whether the leadership team needs orientation on gender equity or not. The group discussion will also help to get the insights on whether the leaders can be trusted as agents of promoting gender equity among their subordinates. There are also risks associated with the approach of gathering information. Essentially, there is a higher probability that men dominate the leadership team, which can be a problem in disseminating the issue of gender equity. In most cases, men are satisfied and comfortable as they are superior and leaders ofShow MoreRelated Reflective Research Paper1164 Words   |  5 Pages I have connected the reflective research paper to objective # 1 because it made me examine my personal belief and attitude on gender equity issues. I did not realize that gender equity existed at the level that it does until researching the topic. Doing the research made me realize that the way we teach directly affects how children learn in every aspect. Gender inequities in the fields of math and science are well researched and the results are shocking. Women compromise 45% of the workRead MoreEssay on Gender Equity in Education1632 Words   |  7 PagesGender Equity in Education Gender equity issues in mathematics and science have been the focus of many educators and researchers for years. Women have often been denied an equal education in math and science for many reasons. Parents and teachers must realize this fact and change their habits wherever necessary. Girls must be given the same opportunity as boys from the beginning, particularly in math and science where girls tend to lag behind. First of all, the term gender equityRead More Gender Equity Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesGender Equity Are male students and female student’s receiving the same opportunities when it comes to Math and Science in the schools? I don’t believe they are. This is why gender equity is a major problem facing our schools today. Many girls are having very negative attitudes towards Math and Science. Through doing research on this topic I found out why. In the article How Research Helps Address Gender Equity, a very shocking and eye opening thing was written. I learnedRead MoreSports And Society : Annual Review Of Sociology880 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Journal â€Å"Sport and Society: Annual Review of Sociology† written by Robert E. Washington and David Karen they talk about gender and sports in one section of their Journal. In this section the author addresses masculinity in sports and the attempts of Title IX to try and make sports equal in the sense that if women make up 40% of the athlete population they should receive 40% of the resources. However, this is not the case â€Å"The most recent data (Suggs 2000) reveal that in 1998–1999 women madeRead More Reflective Research Paper1619 Words   |  7 Pages Gender biases are a problem in many schools and gender equity has been used to help remove those biases. Equity refers to having equal expectations and treating students of different sexes and cultural backgrounds equally. Gender biases have been a problem in educat ion for years. In the past boys and girls have had different expectations when it comes to education. Boys have generally been taught to take leadership roles and girls to take more passive roles. In recent years gender equityRead MoreWhat Are Ontario Schools Doing? Other Canadian Schools? Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesEducation in Ontario recognizes and encourages diversity of schools in the province through Ontario’s Equity and Inclusive Education Strategy. School boards across the province have been enforcing equity related policies to â€Å"establish conditions that promote inclusive education and support equity† (Ministry of Education 2009). This strategy calls for all school boards to â€Å"develop and implement equity and inclusive education policy and guidelines for the board and its schools† (Ministry of EducationRead MoreEconomic and Social Progress in Canada1720 Words   |  7 Pagessuffrage, women have made tremendous economic and social progre ss in Canada. Canada has been called a world leader in the promotion and protection of womens rights and gender equality, (Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada). Yet a hundred years after universal suffrage, gender disparity continues to exist in Canada. Gender disparity is evident in the political, economic, and social spheres. Political disparity refers to the lack of adequate representation of women in local, provincial, andRead MoreThe Current Problems Of The Womens Center1110 Words   |  5 Pagesthe center to become more inclusive due to the definition of feminism and the values of the Women’s Center. The idea of the Women’s Center is to provide information, education, and advocacy surrounding issues of women. At some point the topic of women’s issues get very burly with the topics of gender identification and the population it is aiming to serve. This section will be exploring the risks, needs and current problems of the Women’s Centers. Funding seems to be a constant problem with allRead MoreEssay on Gender Bias in the Classroom1589 Words   |  7 PagesGender Bias in the Classroom RESEARCH IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND THEORIES OF LEARNING Gender inequity is not only learned and accepted in the socialization process that starts at home, but is also present in the school environment form the very early years. Parents and teachers consciously or unconsciously reinforce sex stereotypes. In 1992 Olivares and Rosenthals research findings examined three areas: Read MoreCase Study: Salary Inequities at Acme Manufacturing1180 Words   |  5 Pagesappointed president, Joe Black, has to go through to fix those issues. In an article titled â€Å"Fair Pay or Power Play?† Shin (2013) reported that â€Å"pay inequity provides strong motivation for CEOs to restore equity.† For this case, I will identify some issues and recommend some plans to resolve the salary inequities in the Acme case. Some key issues that existed within Acme Manufacturing were: lack of individual equity, internal equity issues, no pay structure for salaried employees, and lack of legal

Established By Registration under Statutoryâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Can the outsider sue the company for the contract that is established by William? If Harry was never appointed as Managing Director, will it affect the status of the contract that is entered by William? Answer: Introducation A company is an entity which is established by registration under the statutory enactment and must comply with the Corporation Act 2001. To run any business there is need of effective personnels. The need in the case of company further arises because a company is an artificial person who works with the help of real persons[1]. The company Directors is the company officers who are assigned with the tasks of running the company and its smooth administration. The recognition to Directors is provided under section 9 of the Act and a person is a director who is placed at such a position. Shadow directors and de facto directors are also considered to be the company directors not because they are positioned at such a place but because they are carrying out all the duties and responsibilities that are associated with the seat of a director and is held in Natcomp Technology Australia Pty Ltd v.Graiche[2]. Thus, they are considered to be a deem director. But, no person who is bankrupt can be placed at a position of director under section 206B of the Act and is held in Re Ansett[3].[4] Another director who is assigned to carry out the management of the company are called Managing Director of the company. Section 198A of the Act empowers the managing director to run the company. Section 198D of the Act also empowered the directors to delegate their duties to other directors or to any other person. So, managing director has the power to delegate his tasks to any other person who acts like an agent of the company and can establish contract on behalf of the company provides the tasks are delegated to him under section 198D of the Act. and is held in Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Austin[5].[6] Thus, a person when designated with the directorial functions can bind the company if he posses authority to do so and is held in Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd[7]. An authority that can be granted under section 198D can be of two kinds:[8] When the principal assign the tasks to his agent expressly either by words or conduct or he may also assignee the tasks by conduct then such kind of delegation is called Actual authority that is posses by an agent through his principal. When the assignment of the authority is directly provided by a principal to his agent comes within the preview of this authority and is held in Bell v Australian Eagle Insurance Co. Ltd[9] When the principal dories not gave authority to an agent director but he makes a representation in front of an outsider which portrays an image that the person is the agent of the principal and is capable to establish a contract with him. This kind of authority is apparent or ostensible authority and any task that is undertaken under such authority is also binding upon the principal and is held in Thames Cruises Ltd v George Wheeler Launches Another[10]. The contract are only binding providing the outsider is not aware of the defect if posed within the authority that is provided by the principal to an agent. Application of law William is bankrupt as per the facts of the case and thus he is prohibited to become the company director under section 206B of the Act. Harry is the Managing Director of the company and is authorized to govern the company as per section 198A of the Act. He is also authorized to delegate his tasks to any other person as per section 198D of the Act. He by pursuing his power under section 198D has delegated his power to make contract to William. Though William is not empowered to become the company director directly but is regarded as a company agent under section 198D of the Act. Harry has delegated his power to William directly and empowered him to negotiate contract but does not enter into the contract. But he makes a representation in front of third party that William has power to make contract, thus, an ostensible authority is created by harry towards William in front of third party. Now, William has established a contract with such third party and such contract is valid and enforceable under the ostensible authority of William. If Harry was not the appointed Managing director of the company, however, he still can be presumed to be one as de facto directors are given recognition under section 9 of the Act. Since harry was carrying out all the tasks of an Managing director thus he will be a deem managing detector and the position of William and the contract established by him will not be affected by the deem position of Harry. William has made a valid contract within his ostensible authority. The status of the contract and William will not be affected if harry is not a managing director as he will be considered as a deem managing director under section 9 of the Act. Relevant law The company once incorporated has to carry out various tasks and activities. These tasks and activities are carried out after complying with many internal proceedings and activities. When any contract is made by the company with the third parties then a third party or an outsider cannot check whether these internal regulations are met or not because they does not have access to the same. So, if any contract is made by the company director for which he is not authored or for which no required approval are met then such contracts will not be approved by the company and it will be a great setback for such third party. So, to protect such third parties or outsider, the corporation Act 2001 has laid down few presumptions which can be availed by him. The same are: Every outsider who is dealing with the company can make few assumptions which are mention under section 129 of the Act. this power is granted to an outsider under section 128 (1) of the Act and is held in Gye v McIntyre[11]. The assumptions under section 129 of the Act can even be availed if a forgery is committed by the officers of the company and this power is enshrined under section 128 3) of the Act and is held in South London Greyhound Racecourses Ltd v Wake[12] Section 12 assumptions can only be availed provided the same are assumed by an outsider in good faith and no knowledge of the discrepancies and is rightly held in section 128 (4) of the Act; The assumptions under section 129 includes: That all company provision must have been complied with (section 129 (1) of the Act); That all officers and directors are duly appointed - section 129 (2) of the Act; All formalities are met before an agent is appointed[13]- section 129 (3)-(4) of the Act. If any document is signed by two directors or a secretary nd director with company seal or without company seal then the document are validly executed section 129 (5) (7).[14] Application of law A company has two directors and shareholders, that is, Maria and David. Maria is in need of money so she desire to secure loan from Bank for worth $100,000. A guarantee has to be issue to bank, so, Maria forged the signature of David and put her own name and executed a guarantee in the name of the bank in order to obtain loan. Now, the signature of David was forged. As per section 128 (4) the assumptions under section 129 can be made by bank even if the document is forged. So, since the guarantee is soign by both the directors, so the bank can assume that the document must have been validly executed as per section 129 (5) (7), so, the assumptions can held the document to be variedly executed. The assumptions can not to be availed only when the outsider is aware that there is defect that is caused by the directors. Conclusion It is thus submitted that Maria has forged the guarantee by outing down his own name and the signatures of David. However, Bank can rely under section 128 (4) and section 129 (5)-(7) and hold that the guarantee is valid in nature and thus can sue the company for the recovery of loan. Reference List Books/Articles/Journals Chapple, L Lipton, P, Corporate Authority And Dealings With Officers And Agents, The Centre for Corporate Law and Securities Regulation (2002). Groves, M and Lee.P. H, Australian Administrative Law: Fundamentals, Principles and Doctrines (Cambridge University Press,24-Sep-2007). Top of Form Bottom of Form Latimer, Paul, Australian Business Law 2012 (CCH Australia Limited, 2012). Plessis, Jean du, James McConvill, Mirko Bagaric, Principles of Contemporary Corporate Governance (Cambridge University Press,28-Jul-2005). Case laws Bell v Australian Eagle Insurance Co. Ltd , (1990). Crabtree-Vickers Pty Ltd v Australian Direct Mail Advertising Addressing Co Pty Ltd (1975). Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Austin(1998). Gye v McIntyre (1991). Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd [1968]. Natcomp Technology Australia Pty Ltd v.Graiche(2001). Pyramid Building Society v Scorpion Hotels Pty Ltd (1996). Re Ansett (1991). South London Greyhound Racecourses Ltd v Wake [1931; Thames Cruises Ltd v George Wheeler Launches Another, [2003] [1] L. Chapple P. Lipton, Corporate Authority And Dealings With Officers And Agents, The Centre for Corporate Law and Securities Regulation (2002). [2] Natcomp Technology Australia Pty Ltd v.Graiche(2001).. [3] Re Ansett (1991). [4] Paul Latimer, Australian Business Law 2012 (CCH Australia Limited, 2012). [5] Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Austin(1998). [6] M Groves and H. P. Lee, Australian Administrative Law: Fundamentals, Principles and Doctrines (Cambridge University Press,24-Sep-2007). [7] Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd [1968]. [8] Jean du Plessis, James McConvill, Mirko Bagaric, Principles of Contemporary Corporate Governance (Cambridge University Press,28-Jul-2005). [9] Bell v Australian Eagle Insurance Co. Ltd , (1990). [10] Thames Cruises Ltd v George Wheeler Launches Another, [2003]. [11] Gye v McIntyre (1991); [12] South London Greyhound Racecourses Ltd v Wake [1931. [13] Crabtree-Vickers Pty Ltd v Australian Direct Mail Advertising Addressing Co Pty Ltd (1975) [14] Pyramid Building Society v Scorpion Hotels Pty Ltd (1996)

Psychological Approach on Black Swan Essays - Psychiatry

Psychological Approach on Black Swan October 19, 2017 For this paper we were asked to watch a movie and look at it from a psychological stand point. The movie Black Swan could be classified as a psychological thriller featuring a ballerina by the name of Nina Sayers. Nina works for a prestigious New York City ballet company, as one of their many young dancers who have the dream of becoming a prima donna. The ballet company decides to open the new season "Swan Lake" by Pyotr Ilyich Teahikovsky. Though Nina is very talented, she is also very reserved. This leaves the other's in the company to call her a "shy, frigid little girl." And when s he gets the leading roll it requires her to be both the black and white swan. While her reserved, child-like personality makes it very easy almost perfect for her to perform the side of the white swan. It also makes it very troubling for her to get into the character of the black swan. The black swan's character was seductive, and this made it very hard for Nina to get into character during this part. The film shows her slow fall into the pressures of the role and how they weigh her down. During the film you see Nina's madness progress. She ends up showing many differ symptoms of schizophrenia. This is a psychotic disorder where the individual suffering loses touch with reality and sometimes has trouble separating the two. The DSM and our books states the criteria for schizophrenia are: having at least two or more of the symptoms of the disorder, hallucinations and delusions, experiencing significant impairment in the ability to work or to perform everyday tasks, and they must show these symptoms for at least six months. Nina's show signs of hallucinations and delusions very often, one seen shows her in the bath tub and while she goes under water and appears to be releasing the stress from the day she opens her eyes under water and a woman is over her in the bathtub and the water showing traces of blood. In reality she was harming herself by scratching her back to the point of bleeding. Nina could be said to have paranoid schizophrenia, this is characteri zed by delusions and hallucinations according to our books and the DSM. There is no known cause for schizophrenia there are things that factor in that put you at risk of developing it. Stressful circumstances can be a cause of this. As the film shows Nina is under a lot of stress trying to keep and maintain the roll of both the black and white swan. The pressures she faces at work, home, and amongst the others in the company puts her in a more vulnerable state to these symptoms. Though Nina may have shown signs of paranoid schizophrenia, notably having may delusions and hallucinations that seemed to have gotten worse as the film went on. Her first psychotic episode didn't appear until Lily, another girl from the company, showed up at Nina's house to apologize for telling the director that she was crying and upset, and he needed to take it easier on her. While Lily may have had the good intensions on going over to Nina's, it ended up being a night of partying and drugs given by Lily. Nina has hallucinations in which she sleeps with Lily, but the next day when Nina confronts Lily thinking they has slept together she was shocked to find out that she did not sleep with Lily but with a man that Lily had left her with. This only furthered the delusions involving Lily, she later states that Lily is out to harm her and wants to steal the lead role from her. Nina then starts to see her face on Lily and others around her. Nina's second major psychotic epi sode happens during opening night when she finds Lily in her dressing room, after the first act of the white swan did not go as planned. Lily is dressed as the black swan and is claiming that she wants to take over performance. This ends up Nina and Lily having a violent show down that resulted

Free Essays on Reporting Violence In Newspapers

Abortion A woman owns her body and should have the right if she wants to have an Abortion. Legal abortions can save a woman’s life if there is complications with the unborn fetus. Abortions help over several complications that can be a result from childbirth. Also legal abortions can prevent women from getting back-ally abortions that can result in diseases, mutilations and death (9 Reasons). Others will say that if abortion becomes illegalized then this is a result of discrimination towards women. It is discriminating towards low- income women because not all women can afford to travel when its is necessary to received a legal and safe abortion(9 Reasons). Over the years women have had complications with childbirth. Women with heart diseases, Kidney disease and other illnesses can result in not only the fetus dying but also the mother that has complication with the birth. Abortion prevents women from having complications. If abortions was not illegal women and children deaths would have increases from these complications. No matter what, if a woman wants to have an abortions she will find every way to receive one. Legal abortion is the safest way. Not only does the mother have the medical needs received from a doctor but the abortion is safer, diseases free and the mother is less likely to die from the procedure. It is one of the many ways to prevent back-ally abortions that have been the cause of several deaths among pregnant women. Sever people agree that if abortion was illegalized then that would be discriminating against low-income women that can’t afford to travel to other countries to receive a safe and legal abortion. Again they are forced to a back-ally abortion that can result in death. Also others might say that a unborn child is not a human being so the result of abortion is not murdering a human(Sykes, Margaret & Ward, Dr. Roy Bowen). In any way a woman is more then a holder for a unborn baby, ... Free Essays on Reporting Violence In Newspapers Free Essays on Reporting Violence In Newspapers Abortion A woman owns her body and should have the right if she wants to have an Abortion. Legal abortions can save a woman’s life if there is complications with the unborn fetus. Abortions help over several complications that can be a result from childbirth. Also legal abortions can prevent women from getting back-ally abortions that can result in diseases, mutilations and death (9 Reasons). Others will say that if abortion becomes illegalized then this is a result of discrimination towards women. It is discriminating towards low- income women because not all women can afford to travel when its is necessary to received a legal and safe abortion(9 Reasons). Over the years women have had complications with childbirth. Women with heart diseases, Kidney disease and other illnesses can result in not only the fetus dying but also the mother that has complication with the birth. Abortion prevents women from having complications. If abortions was not illegal women and children deaths would have increases from these complications. No matter what, if a woman wants to have an abortions she will find every way to receive one. Legal abortion is the safest way. Not only does the mother have the medical needs received from a doctor but the abortion is safer, diseases free and the mother is less likely to die from the procedure. It is one of the many ways to prevent back-ally abortions that have been the cause of several deaths among pregnant women. Sever people agree that if abortion was illegalized then that would be discriminating against low-income women that can’t afford to travel to other countries to receive a safe and legal abortion. Again they are forced to a back-ally abortion that can result in death. Also others might say that a unborn child is not a human being so the result of abortion is not murdering a human(Sykes, Margaret & Ward, Dr. Roy Bowen). In any way a woman is more then a holder for a unborn baby, ...

How To Write Dates in Spanish

How To Write Dates in Spanish There is  a variety of subtle differences between writing common things in English and in Spanish. Such is the case with writing dates in the two languages: Where in English one might say February 5, 2019, a Spanish writer would express the date as 5 de febrero de 2019. Key Takeaways: Writing Dates in Spanish The most common way of writing dates in Spanish follows the form number de month de year.Names of the months are not capitalized in Spanish.With the exception of primero for first, the ordinal numbers are not used in dates in Spanish. Note that in Spanish the name of the month isnt capitalized. You can also spell out the number - as in cinco de enero de 2012 - but this is less common than using a numeral in the example above. However, in parts of Latin America, especially in areas with U.S. influence, you may also see the form abril 15 de 2018 in occasional use, and rarely you may see a period used in the year such as 2.006. Another important distinction is that in Spanish you should not imitate English by using ordinal forms such as tercero de marzo as a direct translation of third of March. The one exception is that you may say primero for first, so January 1st can be said as primero de enero. In numeral form, thats 1o, or a 1 followed by superscripted o, not a degree sign. Less commonly, the form 1ero is used. As in the examples below, dates are typically preceded by the definite article el in sentences. Sample Sentences Showing Use of Dates in Spanish El 16 de septiembre de 1810 era  el dà ­a de independencia de Mà ©xico. (Sept. 16, 1810, was Mexicos independence day.) La Epifanà ­a se celebras el 6 de enero de cada aà ±o en los paà ­ses hispanohablantes. (Epiphany is celebrated in Jan. 6 of each year in Spanish-speaking countries.) El 1 de enero es el primer dà ­a del aà ±o en el calendario gregoriano. (Jan. 1 is the first month of the year of the Gregorian calendar.) El proceso de recuento parcial comenzà ³ el 3 de mayo y todavà ­a continà ºa. (The partial recount process began on May 3 and still continues.) Desde el aà ±o de 1974, el primero de julio celebramos el Dà ­a del Ingeniero en Mà ©xico. (Since the year 1974, we celebrate the Day of the Engineer on July 1st.) Use of Roman Numerals and Abbreviated Forms In abbreviated form, Spanish typically follows a day-month-year pattern using a capitalized Roman numeral for the month. The units may be separated by spaces, slashes, or hyphens. Thus the abbreviated form of July 4, 1776, can be written in these ways: 4 VII 1776, 4/VII/1776, and 4-VII-1776. Theyre the equivalent of 7/4/1776 in American English or 4/7/1776 in British English. Common forms used for B.C. are aC and a. de C. -   for antes de Cristo  or before Christ - with variations in punctuation and sometimes the use of J.C. (Jesucristo) instead of merely using the letter  C. In scholarly writing, you may use AEC  as the equivalent of the English BCE, which means antes de la Era Comà ºn  or Before the Common Era. The equivalent of A.D. is despuà ©s de Cristo  or after Christ and can be abbreviated d. de C.  or dC  with the same variations as noted above. You also may use EC  (Era Comà ºn) for CE (Common Era). The abbreviations AEC  and EC  are even less commonly used in Spanish than their English equivalents are in English, mainly because they arent universally understood. They normally shouldnt be used unless demanded by the context, such as if writing for publication in an academic journal. Pronouncing the Years The years in Spanish are pronounced the same as other cardinal numbers are. Thus, for example, the year 2040 would be pronounced as dos mil cuarenta. The English custom of pronouncing the centuries separately - in English we typically say twenty-forty instead of two thousand forty - is not followed. Saying veinte cuarenta instead of dos mil cuarenta would strike native Spanish speakers as the mark of an English speaker. Using Prepositions With Dates Spanish does not use a preposition as the equivalent of on when indicating that something happens on a particular date. The date itself functions as an adverbial phrase, as it does in English when on is omitted. Such examples include la masacre ocurrià ³ el 14 de marzo wherein the phrase means The massacre occurred on March 14, with the Spanish word for on (en) not used. Similarly in English, one could correctly say The massacre occurred March 14.   During or throughout, on the other hand, can be added into the phrase by including the Spanish word for this, durante.  Such is the case in the Spanish version of the sentence Space exploration began during the 20th Century, which can be written as Durante el siglo XX dio comenzà ³ la exploracià ³n espacial.

The aim of this assignment is to develop your planning and analytical Essay

The aim of this assignment is to develop your planning and analytical skills in the context of a complex project orientated environment. (MS project software required) - Essay Example EVM is one of the widely used techniques by project managers in order to analyse and keep an eye on the status of the project. EVM can be used by the project manager to analyse the project’s progress. There are three important factors that are used in measuring the performance of the project and EVM analyses the performance of the project on these three basis: So, using EVM a project manager is able to track the performance and make sure whether project is going in the right direction or not and whether the project will be completed within the deadline and within the cost. If the project is right on track then the project manager needs to make sure that same pattern is continued or followed so that it is completed appropriately. If the project is not on the right track, then he needs to analyse the problems and take corrective actions. The project in this report has been evaluated using EMV and PERT analysis techniques. EMV tool has been used by project managers in order to evaluate the progress of the project on the basis of time, cost and scope or quality. EMV has been an important tool for the project managers in not only analysing and identifying the project progress (Hamilton, 2004) but it is also an important for the project manager in order to evaluate the cost that has already been incurred in the project and thus, the project managers can also evaluate the cost that has already been incurred and the cost that would be incurred even in between the project duration. Before EMV, project managers used to face many problems in analyzing the progress of the projects however the problem has been solved to a great extent with the introduction of EMV. On the other hand, PERT analysis is the other technique that has been used. The word PERT is the abbreviation of Program Evaluation and Review Technique and this tool

Marketing service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing service - Essay Example After the demise of Cook, many other travel agents came who fulfilled the holiday and society desires for people for this novel transportation means, train. Since then, offices kept opening up to public in United Kingdom and the genuine ‘travel agencies’ came into existence. These travel agencies grew in hundreds and multiples and the invention of air package holiday in the year 1950 the number augmented by thousands as they reached 8,000 during 1990s. Today there are approximately 7000 travel agents in United Kingdom alone.1 Business travelers in United kingdom might select one of the United Kingdom’s assigned travel agents. The AAA Corporate Travel Services is the leading travel agency, in addition to the second agency which is off the campus called Avant Travel. The AAA Concur is on top of the online services of reservation in United Kingdom. Even though everyone in United Kingdom prefer arrangements by UK travel agents; they may decide on a different travel ag ent other than the UK travel, or any other organization than Concur. But, if they prefer to do so then a certain amount will be printed by Concur and it is submitted to travel agent for the aim of reimbursement. Personal credit card is mandated when any other vendor other than UK one is used and the amount of travel is reimbursed after the travel. 2 The liked method of business payment is the University Procurement Card which is favored payment method for the business airline tickets which can be purchased via Concur, AAA, and Avant Travel. The personal credit card is of immense value especially in case of a different vendor. The amount is reimbursed after the complete travel. This procurement card can be utilized for tax charges and business hotel room, conference registration fees, and rental car charges. Various travel discounts have been secured by United Kingdom. These discounts were discussed with Continental Airlines, Northwest Airlines, and Delta Airlines. The fares are stil l unpublished and are only on the sites of United Kingdom’s own travel agents. United Kingdom has many rental car discounts with national Car Rental and Enterprise Rent-A-Car and these discounts are discussed at various hotels. The aim of Travel agents is to make the business efficient and pleasurable for the customers.3 Many travel firms of United Kingdom believe that if you can survive in hard times then you can easily flourish in times of boom. The market is drastically becoming mature and recession increasing and so the United Kingdom travel agents face a lot of challenges today to survive in the market. Holidays today are a huge priority for people as they spent an indispensable amount on holidays. Therefore, there is a lot of pressure on the travel agents to come up with better deals and at the same time, offer an even greater protection for consumers. In these lean times, the firms are definitely looking for opportunities abroad and comprehend the challenges they might face for a feasible future. The recession is the biggest challenge which I no doubt decreasing the consumer spending and even if the things haven’t been great for some time, recession is on its verge today. Travel agents have reduced their capability for holiday programs and ‘de-risk model of business. 4 The finance cost and access to it is another challenge that the travel services are facing today. The seasonal travel needs efficient financial market at right rates when most needed. Also, the ways to protect

Water is Life Essay Example for Free

Water is Life Essay The slogan: â€Å"Water is Life,† is so true considering that nature’s life cycle revolves around it. The factuality of the statement can be easily seen in the light of what water is to the environment and how it is being taken for granted for its familiarity. The space that it occupies in and around the earth is so invasive it is almost all-encompassing in its existence. â€Å"It covers around 75% of the Earth’s surface† and is contained deep in the earth’s groundwater reserves called aquifers (Godrej, 2003). Despite that much of life depends on water, its purity essential to all our sustenance is being threatened because humans overuse it. Gone are the days when people simply drink directly from a brook. To secure safe drinking water, it has to undergo certain processes; either distilled or purified. This becomes a huge source of financial profit to big businesses such as the proliferation of bottled waters. But, â€Å". . . once we start using water in excess and beyond the rate which it can be replenished again, we endanger the hydrological cycle† (Godrej, 2003). In First World countries, water is used to beautify gardens, maintain greener lawns, and fill up swimming pools. In California, officials predicted that by 2020, water shortage is a surety due to the way it is being used today in that state (2003). Although many factors affect and cause this water crisis, mainly it is the misuse that causes the water crises. The problems range from water’s scarcity and depletion, lack of sanitation and pollution, inequalities in distribution . . . to extravagant use . . . , etc. (Godrej, 2003). Things that contribute to the world’s water crisis are untouched in this essay. Nonetheless, the reality of this crisis that has crept in the usual order of things in the environment cannot be taken for granted. We need to wise up and save this essential element of life. Reference 1. Crystal, David. 1990. Water H2O. The Cambridge Encyclopaedia. Cambridge University Press, p. 1285. 2. Godrej, Dinar. 2003. Crisis and challenge. Precious fluid. New Internationalist magazine, volume 354, pp. 9-12. 3. New Internationalist called Water: The facts. March 2003. volume 354,p. 18 4. Vidal, John. August 2002. Blue gold: Earths liquid asset. The Guardian, p. 6.

William Shakespeares Authenticity Essay -- Shakespeare Playwright bio

William Shakespeare's Authenticity Over the past several centuries, many scholars have been debating the authenticity of Shakespeare and his works. Many books have even been published questioning if the legendary playwright from Stratford is the author of his many plays and poems. This theory still remains as a possibility today and much of the evidence stems from Shakespeare’s great literary achievements, his humble beginnings, his inadequate education and the missing chapters in his life. Throughout his writings, there is evidence of similarities between the language and literature of the time period with subjects such as law, history, politics and geography as well as manners and knowledge of the courts which would not have been known by a common citizen or the son of a tradesman. The range of knowledge which he displays would only be expected of a man of extensive education during the time period that was familiar with the royal figures that are depicted in his works. The insufficient records have added even more mystery as none of the original manuscripts have survived and were possibly destroyed to conceal the identity of the actual author. Although Shakespeare is considered by many to be the greatest playwright of all time, much speculation surrounds his authenticity through theories based on linguistic and historical problems as well as criticism. Since the four centuries that have passed since Shakespeare’s times, several theories have been developed which claim that others may be the legitimate authors of his works. The playwrights usually focused on are Francis Bacon, Edward de Vere, William Stanley, Roger Manners and Christopher Marlowe. Other theories support the fact that perhaps sev... ...e’s works which allow for authentic spectacle and realism with all of the available modern theatre techniques at their disposal. These presentations have led to different forms of media such as opera, ballet, sound recordings, television and movies. Even musicals have been created with "The Taming of the Shrew" acting as the inspiration for "Kiss Me Kate" while "Macbeth" acted as the inspiration for a political satire called "Macbird!" In "Hamlet" it is said that the reason for theatre performance is to â€Å"hold the mirror up to nature.† To most, this is exactly what Shakespeare has done with the lasting impressions left by his works from their first productions to the latest versions. While Shakespeare’s influence is undeniable, many factors still question his genius and intellect as a legitimate author that still fascinates literary enthusiasts today.

Explore the Significance of Metafiction in Jeanette Winterson’s Story of the Twelve Dancing Princesses

Throughout Winterson’s rendition of ‘the twelve dancing princesses’ – adapted from the renowned story by the Grimm Brothers –the plotline is explicitly centred around an array of fictional images. Implicitly though, the metafiction and accretion used can be unveiled as symbolism that correlates with a larger meaning; the images associated with men are uncomfortable and even evil in comparison to the comforting images (including the mermaid) that represent womanhood. Therefore, in the two specific examples of the mermaid and the poison, the reader may accept fiction as an underlying detail that leads to a deeper truth or argument.In the exact example of the mermaid the reader learns that the senior princess has fallen in love with her (the mermaid) and that they ‘live in the well’ together. The scene is evidently fictional; mermaids don’t exist, and if they did, then Jordon and the princess wouldn’t be able to stand in the w ell and converse with the mermaid due to biological impossibilities. Therefore the statement is immediately false, yet the reader may find themselves accepting it as truth in order to move on to the grittiness of the plotline, and discover the significance of the mermaid; her impact can be interpreted in various ways.Firstly, the mermaid could be seen as the product of rebellion against the conventional ritual of marriage to a husband. Rebellion seems a reasonable suggestion after studying the original story, which Winterson’s tale is arguably a continuation of. The ‘doors that were shut and locked up’ each night exemplify the father’s masculine domination over the freedom of his daughters. Likewise, in the tale the King’s offspring would rather see the soldiers killed than have their freedom limited; that ‘they laughed heartily’ at the sleeping soldier exhibits this.That the princess had to plunge in ‘deep waters’ in Winte rson’s tale exemplifies how she was willing to face the unknown (traditionally in literature the ocean is feared e. g. In the Tempest Ferdinand cries ‘hell is empty and all of the devils are here’ before plummeting into the ocean) in order to search for entertainment aside from her husband. Secondly, the mermaid could represent the princesses’ craving for womanhood – this links on from the rebellion against masculine dominance.The ‘deep waters’ as a meeting place, followed by the fact that the couple live in the well – envisaging a womb like place due to its round and wet characteristics – may bring to some reader’s minds an obvious yearning for womanly presence and dominance within the princess. It is noticeable that the existence of a mother is lacking in both renditions of the myth and so arguably the princess may be trying to reconnect with the womb of the Motherly figure that appears nonexistent in childhood. A cceptance of nonsense can be further seen on page 55 in a passage where content may be viewed as allegorical.There is also arguably a sense of intertextuality as it bares reflection to the synoptic bible passage of the demon possessed man (Mathew 8:28-34), which should consequently ring out clear symbolic meaning to the reader. The melodramatic line ‘Out of his (the husband) belly came a herd of cattle and a fleet of pigs ’ can be defined by the reader as an impossible scenario. Consequently the reader will seek the implicit meaning which holds a deeper content. In the Bible passage, the rearing of swine off the cliff enabled the demon possessed man to walk freed from his past torments.Therefore, the suggestion could be that the husband is better off dead, released from sin, than living alive as an overeater with evil within him – gluttony being a biblical crime. This argument is supported when the door salesman says to the princess ‘you are right to kill h im’. The princess’s hate for her husband’s obesity reflects the forced status of their marriage; nowhere in the passage does any form of love or appreciation ring clear, only a sense of endurance – ‘we had been married a few years’ for example suggests that the princess thinks that this is a fair enough trail run before murdering him .He is presented as unlikeable through firstly the unpleasant verbs that the princess attaches to his actions – ‘gulped’, ‘crashing’, ‘swelled’, ‘complained’ – and secondly through the portrayal of him as the demon. Arguably, the princess finds control and order after the fictional explosion that kills her husband, as Winterson writes in the first person, ‘I rounded them (the herd) up’ – stressing the herd’s obedience to her – contrasting to their disorderly actions to the husband who ‘had always complained a bout his digestion’ while the herds had been inside of him.Following on from this, it is arguable that with the ending of her (the princess’s) marriage came her ability to ‘live according’ to her ‘tastes’. Her true satisfaction is exemplified in the final sentence ‘I prefer farming to cooking,’ which, again allegorically, is arguably stating that she prefers her single life – where she farms the cattle- , to her married life – where she cooks the cattle. Therefore, again in this passage, the reader may accept that the content is fanciful to the real world, but for the passage it is necessary as the images created have significant impact on the symbolic meaning that Winterson is creating.Is Winterson a feminist? This could certainly be argued given the evidence found in the passages. A strong conclusion to her work is that woman have more of a chance of ‘living happily ever after’ by ‘living accordi ng to their own tastes’ than through forced marriage – the latter being the favourable traditionally in fairytales. This is mainly because Winterson’s argument represents a changing view of a woman’s place in a more modern society than that of Grimm’s.Although she retains the same time period as the original tale, the conclusion that woman can find freedom through outwitting their husbands is much different from literature that would have been produced in early decades – (albeit freedom is temporarily found by the daughters in Grimm’s tale when they outwit their father, and the soldiers night after night). Therefore a reader may acknowledge the falsehood in Winterson’s passages, and yet acknowledge it as true in search for the deeper truth underneath.

Gattaca and 1984 Insight

Stephanie Sadaka Mr. Sisti April 26th, 2010 ENG 4U1 Literary Insight Paper After reading the novel 1984 and watching the movie Gattaca, I was able to perceive many concepts and similarities and differences between both pieces of art. Gattaca, directed by Andrew Niccol, shows a story of a society where life is controlled by genetics, rather than education or experiences. Based on your DNA, society determines where you belong, and your future. This allows no room for people to gain experiences and to grow, as they are confined to a specific lifestyle. It is evident however in the film that Vincent tries to violate societies’ structure, by playing the role of a navigator, using his blood samples and urine. George Orwell, the author of 1984, shows a similar concept, where life is controlled by the Party and where the main character, Winston, tries to defy the Party. Although it is obvious that both works have a dystopian society, the societies within it struggle to achieve a utopian society instead. Through its intense depiction of struggles to fit in and altering way of life to be accepted in society, Gattaca enhanced my understanding of the impact that surveillance has in 1984 and how it has limited the people to prosper in life within society. Due to the dystopian society, the totalitarian government is enforcing surveillance which plays a negative impact on the characters and the plot. Throughout the novel 1984, it is noticeable that surveillance throughout the city plays a deep role in the growth of the characters. Surveillance had an underlying impact on the love connection between the main characters Winston and Julia. When engaging in a love affair, it is vital to spend time with one another and to show affection. The surveillance that the Party has enforced upon the society hindered their love connection and the ability to pursue a serious relationship. By not allowing citizens to show love and affection to one another, they are enforcing loneliness and isolation within the society, which ultimately leads to the lack of social skills and ability to care or love. Gattaca allowed me to understand this issue in 1984, because in the film Gattaca, the love between Vincent and Irene was kept a secret from society as they couldn’t show love and affection towards one another in public. This caused them to rebel against society, by meeting up secretly and showing affection towards one another outside the public eye. The surveillance that the Party enforced within society did not allow the people to enjoy hobbies or areas of work they may excel in. Instead of allowing citizens to spend time doing things they may enjoy, they obligated them to do what the Party needs. This is obviously shown when Winston is trying to write in his journal in his room. Instead of freely writing about the topic of his choice, he sits in the corner to write because he fears the consequences that the Party may enforce on him if they found out. Gattaca opened me up to this idea due to the fact that Vincent’s dream is to travel to space, yet due to his genetic make up, society does not permit him to do what he enjoys. People are under surveillance at all times, therefore they may never experience what they enjoy due to the constant fear of being caught. Not only did Gattaca allow me to view a different side of how love and hobbies may be restricted due to surveillance, it has also given me a view on how surveillance causes people to change who they truly are. Instead of expressing their true selves and bringing forth their assets to society, the characters are wearing a mask around others, by acting or pretending to be like someone they are not. Vincent in Gattaca is hiding his true identity in society in order to pursue his life long dream of travelling to space. In order not to get caught, he must mirror the life of another character and must not let society find out his true identity. This broadened my understanding about the Party’s surveillance on society and the effect it had on the growth of the characters. Due to the Party’s constant surveillance over people, the characters are hiding their true selves and playing the role as a perfect citizen in front of the cameras, as they are confined to a specific lifestyle and in order not to face the Party’s consequences. Throughout the novel, Winston is always hiding his thoughts about the Party and about Big Brother, although he is completely against it. However, in order to ensure that he does not get caught, he must act as though he loves them and agrees with their power over society. Surveillance is shaping these characters to be a perfect representation of what they are expected to be, instead of being who they are. In conclusion, it is evident that surveillance has taken a toll on the characters in these pieces of art. Gattaca helped me understand and notice the severe impact that surveillance has on society and the impact it has on the lives of the citizens in 1984. The characters are covering their true selves in order to be accepted and to fit within the society. Not only is surveillance restricting their ability to show love and affection, it is also preventing the characters from expressing what they enjoy, and being who they are by living to their full potential. This new perspective has helped me understand the underlying significance that surveillance has on society in both 1984 and the film Gattaca and the restrictions it placed on the many characters.

Do The Criticized Deserve The Personal Attacks of The Criticizer †Ethics Essay

Do The Criticized Deserve The Personal Attacks of The Criticizer – Ethics Essay Free Online Research Papers Do The Criticized Deserve The Personal Attacks of The Criticizer Ethics Essay In front of their faces, most of us act civilly to the people in our lives. Yet all of us have criticized some of them behind their backs. I too, have done this in the past. However, now that I am older, my experiences with my family, friends and even acquaintances have led me to become repulsed with the whole notion of criticizing people behind their backs. Keep in mind that I am not talking about war criminals and murderers; I am talking ordinary people whom we encounter on a daily basis in our lives, like the school bus driver or the cashier at the supermarket. In almost all the situations which I have witnessed I find the criticizer to be unjust in one or more of three ways. Firstly, if the attacks are personal in nature, it has been my experience that the criticized never deserve the personal attacks of the criticizer. In almost every instance, the victims’ characters are abused base on one of their minor flaws or annoying habits. From the time when I was young, I was taught to hate the sin, not the sinner. (As simple and logical as that is, I find that very few people follow this rule.) Everyone has many different sides, and it is unfair to judge someone based on just one act or one aspect of their personality. Besides this tendency to transfer abhorrence of the act to the person, I have found that a lot of the criticizers often act out the very crimes they condemn. My parents, for example, always verbally abuse with great relish drivers who make a rather dangerous move, yet I have seen them drive in a similar manner themselves on several occasions when they were in a hurry. This hypocritical behaviour is not limited to my parents. When circumstances prescribe it, many of my friends and acquaintances have done the deeds which they denounce when another acts it. If the attacks don’t fit into either of the two situations above, I still find a problem with people criticizing each other behind their victims’ backs. More often than not, I see the criticizers to act perfectly pleasant when their victim is doing the very act which bothers them. Why don’t they try to eliminate that which is bothering them by honestly explaining how they feel to their faces? That is because most people don’t like to deal with the consequences of their actions. Rather than pointing out the mistake to their victims’ faces so that they may correct the situation, people prefer to avoid the confrontation that will invariably follow and to hurt their victims in a way that leaves no messy business for themselves to deal with. They put people down, feel good about themselves, and the only thing that lasts is the tarnish upon their victim’s reputation. Granted there are exceptions to this rule. There are certainly people who criticize the behaviours of other people only after countless fruitless confrontations. The extreme rarity of it in my experiences, however, has done nothing to change my disgust in the act. Despite my heated comments, I don’t hate these criticizers. This only one side of them, and I have seen enough of their good qualities to know that they are decent people. Besides harming the reputation of their victims, however, I feel that in doing these acts they also harm themselves. They have wrongly convinced themselves that certain people are annoying and irritating. Unless they break out of this mindset, they will forever be under that illusion and be deprived of the company and things that their victims can teach them. Expand, ENDING -metaphor Negative division, if our words don’t build people, keep your backseat comments in the backseat. I have seen the people around me, my family, friends, acquaintances and even fictional characters, in the roles of the criticizer and criticized, and my descriptions hold true in almost all of these cases. If the attacks were ad hominem, it has been my experience that the criticized never deserve the personal attacks of the criticizer. If the attacks were ad rem, I find that in a lot of cases, the criticizers do the very act they condemn when the circumstance prescribes it. Even if this isn’t the case, and the act is something which they would never, ever do, I find it unfair that the criticizers blacken the person’s name behind their backs rather than attempt to correct their behaviour by criticizing them to their faces. Besides these immediate victims, these constant unjustified criticisms can certainly lower one’s view on humanity, as they never think back and analyse, I shouldn’t have thought and said these things. They’d just think, people are al jerks. Some might call it making excuses for lowlife. I call it a logical method that helps you love your fellow man, which is what we are called to do. Research Papers on Do The Criticized Deserve The Personal Attacks of The Criticizer - Ethics EssayCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHip-Hop is ArtHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayStandardized TestingUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyTwilight of the UAW

Efforting to Remain Calm

Efforting to Remain Calm Efforting to Remain Calm Efforting to Remain Calm By Maeve Maddox I have a reader to thank (to blame?) for telling me about a coinage that is new to me. It may have begun with television announcers, but it’s spreading. Since I began looking for it, I’ve even found it in a book on sociology published by W.W. Norton. The word is efforting. Here are some examples of its use by television announcers: We are efforting to restore the signal from Fort Hood. We are efforting her report. Brian Williams, NBC we are efforting, trying to get a reaction from Georgia’s President. Tony Harris, CNN we are efforting to get an interview with General Tommy Franks Here it is in some Web headlines: Rugby Canada/USA Rugby efforting to get second half on EPN July 11 Solution efforting seems to fall in a gap between teams Strong Efforting Team to Avoid Letdown Group efforting signatures to repeal transgender law The genius of English word formation is responsible for keeping the language supplied with new words for new ideas, and I rejoice in it. But I have to admit that I cannot see what new idea this strange new verb expresses. It seems to me that one would try to restore a signal. Couldn’t one attempt to get an interview with someone? Before verbing the noun effort, consider whether one of the following might serve your purpose: attempt endeavor exert oneself make an effort try strive venture work at Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect Objects8 Types of Parenthetical PhrasesComment, Suggestion, and Feedback

Eccentrically loaded tie Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Eccentrically loaded tie - Lab Report Example Hounsfield tensometer testing device – a machine that was used to assess to what level our specimen expanses under the stress of the material and some other tensile features of materials like the tensile strength – and; We estimated and noted the eccentricity (e) and dimension of our specimen cross-section. We also applied a negligible holding load so as to eliminate the initial slackness from the set up. The recording mercury was also zeroed. After all that, our strain gauge switch as well as the balance unit for every gauge was set up. We recorded the measurement of the strain at every position for any increment in load up. In order to ascertain the strains of every sample under the adopted load, we connected the six strains to a six-channel strain gauging bridge. Figure 1 below illustrate the experimental process. In order to determine our strain gauge values, position of gauge depth from centroid, and average strain, we proceeded as follows (distance between the gauge are shown in parentheses in table 1 above): The figure 3 above displayed the distribution of stress across the tie as the measurement was proportional to the stress. The slope of NQS in the above diagram is proportional to disparity in strain as a results of bending. This was due to algebraic addition of axial and bending stresses shown below. From our results, the estimated e (19.125mm) was higher than our calculated e (18.48131738). This gave us a percentage error of only 3.3657%, implying that the accuracy of our results was around 96.6%. With this, we could confidently say our experiment was successful despite the 3.36% error. This percentage error might have been occasioned by: As for the stress distribution diagram, the shape was occasioned by the combination of bending and axial stress applied to tie bar material. This was consistent with the findings in Sinha (2002). Sheer forces and bending moments in the beam always determine the value of

Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Purchasing and Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Austin Wood Products (AWP) is a successful company located at Austin Texas and specializes in manufacturing custom made wooden doors. Its current turnover is $ 25 million per annum. Maximum sales take place during February to November but the productivity is hampered by unregulated inventory system. Sadly, until the inventory is physically checked at the warehouse, production is not certain of its availability. In half the cases the material required is unavailable and has to be ordered. This effects both production and delivery. The company expects an increase in turnover by 20% in the coming year but with such erratic and uncontrolled inventory management, the production manager is apprehensive of meeting schedules and is worried about loosing customers. It is an established fact that the Just-in-Time (JIT) based System is the answer to manufacturing operations. JIT has lead to the development of what is known as Lean Manufacturing. It offers scope for reducing inventories and introducing ways and means to improve productivity by planning optimal use of resources. Today manufacturing faces new challenges and has been offered a variety of solutions to manage these. Most prominent among them are the Material Planning Method (MRP) and Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) adopted by many leading solution providers like SAP. But the Theory of Constraints (TOC) is the culmination of the above and a better answer to industry needs. MRP uses fixed lead times to calculate the Bill of Material, often resulting in surplus stock of raw materials. It does not take into consideration materials available in hand. In other words the Purchase Process is built around orders in hand. There is little or no Production Planning and Production just follows availability of raw materials to plan its own executions. The focus is on orders in hand and essentially MRP plays safe ensuring that raw material is always available to Production. But this is both wasteful and ties up huge

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Strategy - Essay Example The industry sectors evaluated in this essay are ethical pharmaceutical companies, generic manufacturers, and biotechs. The pharmaceutical industry The global pharmaceutical industry faces significant twist in the twentieth century due to varying changes in the business environment. Holland is right, unmet medical needs, innovation and globalisation are critical driving forces of the industry. This is agreed by various researches, studies and evidences aiming to create assessment of the global pharmaceutical industry (Bianchi et al., 2011; Shah et al., 2009; Schmid and Smith, 2007). The next point is to evaluate whether these forces are what drive in each industry sector. The ethical pharmaceutical companies are broader since their products cover conventional pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceutical agents and vaccines and over the counter medicines. As a result, Holland points out that the key strategic capabilities of these companies are Research and Development and Sales and Marketing. Boone and Kurtz (2006) emphasize that companies which focus on these activities are dynamic at creating a need for their service or product offerings. This implies that the ethical pharmaceutical sector is somewhere between growth and maturity level in the industry life cycle while very particular at meeting unmet medical needs, innovation and globalisation. In fact, production and outsourcing are another two essential focus of this sector just to cover a wide range of geographic market coverage (Holland, 2010). The generic manufacturers on the other hand among any other concerns are particular with accessing new technologies so as to reach markets with untapped potentials (Holland, 2010). Regarding this, the said sector is invariably looking forward to achieve manufacturing and distribution efficiency. Manufacturing and distribution are broader in context, but they are also associated with growth and development (Kruger, 2006). The generic manufacturer sector is also dynamic as it tries to continually search for markets with untapped potentials and even attentive with patent concerns. Again, companies with this level of thinking cannot just simply skip the need to innovate, create or meet needs and be influenced by the global business force (Boone and Kurtz, 2006). The sector for generic manufacturer is somewhere between growth and maturity level in the industry life cycle. Finally, the sector for small biotechnology start-ups or biotechs like the previous sectors are also concerned with meeting needs, marketing concerns, but above all financial restructuring due to long-product development, so it would take time to realise profitability (Holland, 2010). Distribution of its product to market seems to be the primary concern of this sector. Thus, time is the essential contributing factor why for instance this sector embraces merger or acquisition (Holland, 2010). In the 21st century, this issue is a global concern that drives major businesses, not only to innov ate possibilities but gain market share by creating or meeting needs (Boone and Kurtz, 2006). Due to its restructuring activity, this sector is still primary moving forward to a growth level in the industry life cycle stage. Conclusion It is clear that unmet medical needs, innovation and time to market, and globalisation are essential forces that definitely move the different sector in the pharmaceutical industry. Even though only one

Redundancy in New Zealand: Procedural Fairness and Remedies

Redundancy in New Zealand: Procedural Fairness and Remedies ArJun Sree Raman Title of the study Redundancy in New Zealand: Procedural Fairness, Substantive Grounds, and Remedies. Introduction Redundancy has become a normal part of organizational life, researchers are predicting that both the rate and the extent of job losses through redundancy are likely to continue well into the twenty first century (e.g. Appelbaum and Donia, 2001a; Cascio, 2002; Dawkins et al., 1999). Generally redundancies within an organisation occur when there is a decline in company revenue and/or work available or the company is looking to restructure and streamline the organisation (Wooden, 1988). In these circumstances the employee may find that their position is surplus to the companys requirements or needs. Therefore, the organisation or employer will announce to the employee or employees affected that their contracts are going to be terminated as their positions will no longer exist. Redundancy in New Zealand    In the New Zealand Employment Law Guide (Rudman, 2014) the Labour Relations Act 1987 defines redundancy as a situation where a workers employment is terminated by the employer, the termination being attributable, wholly or mainly, to the fact that the position filled by that worker is, or will become, superfluous to the needs of the employer. Thus, it is the position itself that is made redundant and the decision to make a position redundant should have nothing to do with the particular employee who is filling that position. Redundancies have to be for genuine commercial reasons and not for any other underlining reasons such as capability or performance issues. Redundancy is acknowledged within New Zealands employment relations system, as it is in many countries. However, in contrast to the majority of foreign jurisdictions, successive governments in New Zealand have decided not to codify the law relating to redundancy and provide definitive protection for employees who face a redundancy situation (Hughes, 2011). Venn (2009) provides a comparison with other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, highlighted New Zealands minimal protection for employees in situations involving redundancy. In particular, Venn emphasized New Zealands negligible cover in mass redundancy situations. The following figure clearly depicts the limited protection in correlation to the other OECD countries. Figure 1: Strictness of Employment Protection OECD Countries (Venn, 2009) Effects of Redundancy    From an organizational perspective, the economic outcomes of redundancy are open to debate (Cascio, 1993; Ryan and Macky, 1998) but it is widely recognized that for the individual, redundancy can lead to a wide range of negative outcomes. Redundancy is frequently associated with diminished psychological wellbeing, while long-term unemployment can lead to physiological deterioration (Leana and Ivancevich, 1987). As Wooden (1988) comments: The concern about redundancy stems from the perception that job loss involves substantial economic and psychological costs for the adversely aà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ected worker and his or her family. The worker made redundant must immediately deal with the shock of job loss. For example, redundancy has been found to impact on employees in terms of loss of morale, lowered organizational commitment, withdrawal behaviours such as absenteeism and increased turnover, loss of motivation, mistrust, uncertainty and insecurity (e.g. Brockner, 1988; Brockner, Grover and DeWitt, 1992; Dolan and Belout, 2000; Koslowski et al., 1993; Latack, 1990; ONeill and Lenn, 1995; Worrall, Campbell and Cooper, 2000). Waters (2007) study on voluntary and in-voluntary redundancy shows the different attitudes and thoughts employees are feeling when it comes to redundancy. Redundancy can have serious implications for those it has happened to and can be an extremely difficult time during the entire process. Employees fear for the future and responsibilities they have outside of their working life. Employers should let the remaining employees express their anger or frustration and inform them that it is perfectly normal to express their feelings. Burke (2008) investigates the effects of redundancy during a strong economy and low unemployment rates. Burke says that the number of people experiencing redundancy is surprisingly high. This can come as a shock and be difficult for employees who have been with an employer for a substantial number of years as they are suddenly back in the job market. Looking for a job after so many years of working and competing with thousands of others who have also lost their jobs can be very traumatic. According to Burke, Being made redundant can have similar emotional effects to bereavement. People still see a stigma attached to being made redundant and would feel embarrassed or humiliated about being in the situation. Redundancy also results in a range of negative economic outcomes, including interruption to employment and career paths, loss of income, and potentially à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ nancial hardship (particularly where it is followed by an extended period of unemployment). Ewart and Harcourt (2000) assessed the effects of a mass redundancy at a New Zealand airline on a group of 139 ground stewards in August, 1991. Findings show that the ground stewards post-layoff earnings have declined nearly 40% by 1996, from $50-55,000 to $30-35,000. This was a severe decline than that documented in most studies, in which earnings losses of 10 to 20% were more common and 5 to 10% were not unusual. Ewart and Harcourt identified the primary cause to be the non-transferrable highly specific training and work experiences to the airline industry. Furthermore, ground stewards also expressed profound feelings of bitterness post-redundancy as 94% of the respondents thought that the company had handled the dismissals very inappropriately. Those who remain after a period of redundancy are known as the survivors and are often described as suà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ering from survivor sickness (Noer, 1993) or survivor syndrome (Appelbaum and Donia, 2001a, 2001b; Brockner, 1988). Noer (1993) deà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ nes survivor sickness as a term that describes the attitudes, feelings, and perceptions that occur in employees who remain after involuntary staà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ reductions. Survivors may exhibit a range of emotions including fear, insecurity, uncertainty, frustration, resentment, anger, sadness, depression, guilt, unfairness, betrayal and distrust (Noer, 1996). Redundancy impacts further on the individual through changes to the psychological contract. Rousseau (1995) notes that, redundancy and restructuring have imposed on workers employment arrangements they did not choose. She suggests that the psychological contract, which the employee originally accepted, changes as organizations restructure and à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ nds new ways of doi ng things. In the process of change, jobs are altered but employees do not feel free to renegotiate the contract. Research Questions The research questions proposed below are the fundamental core of this redundancy study. It focuses on factors within the redundancy such as procedural fairness, substantive grounds, and remedy. The research questions are as follows: To what extent do employers follow procedural fairness? To what extent do employers have substantive grounds for redundancy? In situations where employers fail to follow procedural fairness and substantive grounds, what are the remedies offered to the employee? Low budget airlines | Analysis Low budget airlines | Analysis Ryan Air Europes First low budgeted airline. Ryan air was founded in 1985 by the Ryan family head by Tony Ryan. To provide scheduled passenger airline services between Ireland and the UK. Ryan Air Europe first Low-Fares, No-Frills carrier, offer a point to point service to customer that was the first European low-cost Airline in Airline Industry. Ryan Air was a full service conventional airline, with two classes of seating, leasing three different types of Aircraft. Ryan air Airlines is based on the model of southwest airlines. A new management team, led by Michael OLeary. In 1997 company was floated in an IPO on the Dublin Stock Exchange and on NASDAQ. (Gerry Johnson, et al, 2008) Mission statement of Ryan Air: Ryan air will become Europes most money-making airlines through its motto Low-cost- carrier, no- frills services in all market which Ryan air operates. Ryan air Objectives: To establish Ryan air as Europes leading Low-Cost airline through continued improvement and offering of low cost budget price. Ryanair Business Model Ryanair business model is based on Southwest Airlines, the highly successful Texas based operator. However, Ryanair was impacted by the financial difficulties in 1990 which required a complete restructure and new business model is formed. In 1991, CEO Michael OLeary visited US Southwest Airline and extracted their new strategy and business model from Southwests Low Cost leadership model. Ryanairs Low Cost leadership model encompasses a single passenger class, a single type of airplane, a simple fare scheme, unreserved seating, flying to secondary airports, fast turnaround times, no free amenities, minimum baggage allowance, employees working in multiple roles, and generation of ancillary revenue( Baker, 2006). Analysis strengthen and weakness of Ryanair Strength: Strategy of Ryan air is Marketing- strong branding and reputation of product. Ryanairs aggressive pricing strategy makes them different from other Airline companies in Europe. Low costing of tickets due to airport operator deals. A biggest advantage of Ryanair is Reputation as First Biggest Budget Airline in Europes. Main strength given to Ryanair by media through free footage to people from various Controversial issues created in flight and due to the tough decision made by chief executive Michael OLeary. Ryanair collects enormous profit from Ancillary revenues from on-board and online gambling, an in-flight mobile phone service, including non-flight scheduled services and also from Ryanairs website. On time delivery which help customer to reach at their target. In future Ryanair planning to purchase new aircraft with huge capacity for sitting which will generates lots of income as well as new routes for reaching destination much quicker. Ryanair control the fuel and noise emission by purchasing new Environmentally-friendly aircraft. (Sascha Mayer, 2007). If any delays due to climatic condition or technical quandary, then Ryan air Customer Service Desk (CSD) prompt refund is provided to customer. Weakness Employee relations: Ryan airs relationship with employee is Fraught. Extra work load for Pilots. Also provide poor working condition for staff. For example: Banned from charging of mobile phones at work place. Ryan air has been involved in number of labour union disputes. Lack of scales: The Company is small in sizes compared to its competitors. Its competitors, such as British Airways, Lufthansa, Virgin Airlines all these Airlines are large in size and enjoy competitive advantages in financial, technical better human resources. As it was low fare Airlines in-flight Entertainment facilities were not available to passengers. Prone to bad press: Relationship with media is always dreadful for Ryan air. Even it may be the incident of staff sleeping in the air craft or forcing pilots to sign new deal in order to fly new air craft. Every time Ryan air is on head line of media. Blocking Finance: In increasing their passenger Ryan air has block lots of money in purchasing new Boeing in next six year. Long Routes: Instead of main airports choosing Secondary and Regional airports destinations for short haul which much more far-off from passengers destination. For examples, Ryanair uses Frankfurt Hahn, 123 kilometres from Frankfurt; Torp, 100 Kilometres from Oslo; and Charleroi, 60 kilometres from Brussels. Customer service: Services provide to customer by Ryan air cabin crew were not satisfactory. Even breathing spaces for leg were narrow down. STRATEGICS CAPABILITY OF RYANAIR Every company must have adequacy and suitability of the resources and competences for survive and prosper in the market. Henceforth Resources and competences are essential for any organisation. Initially Ryan air started their operations with a team of 25 and a single 15-seat Bandeirante Turbo-prop, flying between Waterford and London (Box.T, et al 2007). In 1986, Ryan air received permission from the Regulatory Authorities to begin flying four flights a day on the Dublin-London route with two 46-seat BAE748 turbo-props, by the end of 1989 Ryan air had six BAC-111 jets and three ATR 42 turbos (Box.T, et al 2007). Now Ryan air is giant player in Budgeted Airlines in Europe with 100 new Boeing 737-800 which flew out 18European base. According to Ryan Air Chief Executive Officer Michael OLeary organisation as place the order of 200 newest Boeing by end of 2009 and required the aircraft delivery by 2012(Robert 2009). Boeing 737 planes used frequently which were replaced with new aircraft , more environmentally- friendly aircraft. Its reduced the average age of fleet by 2.4years. Newer aircraft does not require more crew member. Before 2006 capacity of staff were around 700, in fiscal 2006, employee tally rise by further 700 to 3500 people from different nationalities. Cabin crew were given commission from on board sales i.e. Euro49, 612 which is higher figure than any other leading airlines. Due to a low-cost HR strategy, which includes low costs via wage minimization, union avoidance and employee control, had contributed to making the company highly profitable. In addition, both strategies are similar in that they also include achieving low total costs by increasing operational productivity (Zagelmeyer.S, 2009). Core Competence: A corporate strategies are made with lots of research and development of product and services in todays world. Ryan air have made strategic decisions based on increasing their competitive edge, the main one reason involved in attracting customers at both ends of their routes (Haberberg and Rieple 2001). In Ryan air case company focal point is on providing low cost, efficient, frequent connections and subsequently offering no other frills or supporting services on their flights, due to this outcome, Ryan air has no need for the numerous subsidiaries that Aer Lingus own(Peter Kangis, M. Dolores OReilly, 2003). The performance reliability of Ryan air is high for the reason that customer product quality and the airports served, airline product is not delayed because of point to point services due to this check-in is much quicker and less complex than an interline one as well as boarding is quicker because seat choice is greater for earlier passengers at the departure gat e for the reason that it operates from lesser-used non-hub airports the airline encounters less airport congestion than airlines serving major hubs (Barrett S. D. 2004). Ryanair Financial Analysis During the period of 2004 through present, Ryanair has experienced significant growth in sales revenues and net income. Since 2004, sales revenue has grown at a yearly average of 32%, highlighted by a 41% growth from 2006 2007. Net income has experienced a yearly average growth rate of 25%, highlighted by a 51% growth from 2006 2007. While sales revenue continued to increase from 2007 2008, with 33% growth, net income was down from $563M to $559M. This decrease in profits was largely due to the 50% increase in fuel prices during the year. The growth experienced by Ryanair in sales revenue and net income during the period of 2004 2008 (AOL Finance 2008) Portfolio Analysis by BCG Matrix Portfolio of any business is important in order to analyse its market shares and where the business is standing. It can achieve through the BCG Matrix. In Ryanair case, as per the above diagram of BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix Ryanair comes under the cash cow. Cash cow is that section of BCG matrix where market share of any business is high and their growing maturity is low in market. Ryanair being a low-fare airlines in European market have captures the entire market in budgeted airlines. Ryanair have outstanding market share and generate a lot of revenue for the company as well as for investor, but they cannot expand their business. Ryanair is domestic flight within the European territory and accumulate high revenue but cannot expand their airline business from European market due to low cost strategies and short haul. They extract profit from the market and investing as little cash as possible. Critical success factors of Ryanair: Success of any organisation depend upon various factors such as Brand: Brand of Ryanair has been cultivated through constantly providing the same product services to customer. Ryanair brand has been built through their strategies i.e. low budgeted airline in Europe with no frills and sell product on board. Most important part in creating the Ryanair brand is played by the CEO Michael OLeary and international media. Michael hard-hitting decision, autocratic behaviour against employee and competitors and controversial statement- if you want a quiet flight, use another airline. Ryanair is noisy full and always try to sell something ob board. Media always providing free footage to viewer about the incident in flight for example: Ryanair aircraft unhygienic and poor staff morale and cabin crew sleeping on the job. All these incidents have helped the Ryanair to build it brand image in the world market. Location: Ryanair being a low-cost airline, airport used by the Ryanair for landing aircraft were secondary and regional airport destination. For example, Ryanair uses Frankfurt Hahn, 123 kilometres from Frankfurt. During second half of fiscal 2007 Ryanair faces various challenges related to extra capacity and new routes and location. Speed: Ryanair started with fewer flights with the low cost airlines strategies and through these strategies they started capturing the market at a greater speed. Become the world most profitable airline in whole Europe. During March 2006 other airlines started charging for check-in bags due to this passenger were carrying fewer bag probably zero check-in bags which reduced the cost and enhance the speed of aircraft. Technology: Ryanair incorporated its own travel website, www.ryanair.com, for direct sales of tickets over the Internet to avoid fees and commissions associated with travel agents and reservation systems. Ryanair has steadily achieved the most Environmentally- friendly and sustainable by investing in the latest aircraft and technology which reduced 50 per cent less emissions, 45 per cent less fuel burn and 45 per cent lower noise emissions. Ryanairs grown-up Boeing 737-800 aircraft has been replaced with new aircraft which more environmentally-friendly reducing the average age of fleet to 2.5 years. Fuel Emissions:International airlines have been responsible for emitting 2.5%- 3% anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), International Civil Aviation made regulation to reduce the CO2(Scheelhaase J.D, Grimme W.G, 2007). Due to new technology aircraft of Ryanair has reduce fuel emission by 50%. Noise: Ryanair minimised noise pollution through modern technology aircraft and new modified winglet. Waste: All International Airlines generates significant amount of waste mater material through food, packaging, and newspaper distribution. All these item are available free in international airline. Ryanair a low-cost airline with no-frills due to these reason Ryanair is free of from waste. Management Quality: Ryanair management qualities from the success point of view were efficient to carry out the productivity in the organisation, due to the leadership Quality of Michael OLeary. From employees view management were autocratic. Management behaviour towards staff was not acceptable. Thus critical factors such as Brand, Technology and Management Quality play important role in performance of business activity, if any of these factors fail, success fails. Benchmarking Approach of Ryanair: A set of information has been developed by separate indices of benchmarking for different business model. In Ryanair case, Profitability of Ryanair signifies the overall achievement of the business, collection of ancillary revenue from flight is much more than the any other international flight by selling various goods and services on flight. Distribution strategies of Ryanair: The proportion of sale made by Ryanair is through online reservation system and even they promote the Ryanair through web page. Ryanair has set up the four benchmarks which its competitor cannot match their strategies with Ryanair strategies- firstly airport cost per passenger is calculated, secondly they land on secondary and regional airport which offer lower landing fees, thirdly the weighted average number of full service carriers at the airports served and lastly Ryanair has created the monopoly in budgeted airline (Mason k.J, Morrison W.G, 2009). All this factors make the Ryanair airlines are best- in- c lass benchmarking in Europes airlines. Leadership of Ryanair: In todays Airlines business leadership and culture is essential in achieving strong business operation. In Ryanair case, Ryanair was struggling to survive in early 1990 but then after new CEO Michael OLeary. OLeary changed the design of Ryanair in the model of southwest airlines i.e. a low cost airline this strategy worked for Ryanair. Being transformation leadership his clear vision and empowerment are often observed as important element that has changed the view point of Ryanair. In 2006 Ryanair airline received WORLD MOST FAVOURITE AIRLINE. Michael OLeary has served Ryanair for 20 year and makes Ryanair most profitable airline in 2006. In 2005 he was 18th among the Worlds Most Respected Business Leader in financial times. Ryanair comprising over 25 different nationalities this shows culture of Ryanair is diversifying. CONCULSION On the intact Ryanair seem to be following a strategy which works for them. They are obviously aware of their business environment and understand the importance of monitoring it as they took advantage of the opening in the market when they restyled themselves over a decade ago. However they need to be aware that this environment is constantly shifting and evolving and therefore maintaining a close eye on it and being ready to adapt to any changes should be a fundamental part of their strategy. References 1. Gerry Johnson, Kevan Scholes, Richard Whittington, (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy, 8th Ed., Pearson Education, England, accessed via textbook. 2. Sascha Mayer, 2008. Rayanair and its low cost flight in Europe: Marketing Plan. GRIN VERLAG http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2zGFUC9bWX4Cdq=swot+analysis+of+ryanairlr=source=gbs_navlinks_s 3. Box.T, Byus.K, Chris.C, (2007), Ryan air (2005): Successful low cost Leadership. Journal of the International Academy of case studies. , 13(3): pp 65-70. 4. Robert.W, (2009). Ryan Air to order 200aircraft, Air finance Journal (323): 7-7. 5. Zagelmeyer.S, (2009), Up in the Air: How Airlines can improve performance by engaging their employee.38(6):715-717. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessionid=8657998ADE2405248475899C62216650?contentType=NonArticlecontentId=1812116 6. Haberberg, Adrian Rieple, Alison (2001), The Strategic Management of Organisations. Pearson Education Ltd. 7. Peter Kangis, M. Dolores OReilly,(2003), Strategies in a dynamic marketplace: A case study in the airline industry. Journal of Business Research, 56(2):105-111. Strategies in a dynamic marketplace: A case study in the airline industry Journal of Business Research, Volume 56, Issue 2, February 2003, Pages 105-111 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleListURL_method=list_ArticleListID=1248681592_sort=rview=c_acct=C000047642_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=9060888md5=a3f6ba19889c87ea2ae5dc4ea2047611 8. Barrett S. D. (2004), The Sustainability of the Ryanair Model. International Journal of Transport Management, 2(2), pp.89-98 9. Scheelhaase J.D., Grimme W.G. (2007), Emissions trading for international aviation-an estimation of the economic impact on selected European airlines. Journal of Air Transport Management, 13 (5), pp.253-263. 10. Mason k.J, Morrison W.G (2009), Towards a means of consistently comparing airline business models with an application to the low cost airline sector. Researched in Transportation Economics, 24 (1), pp. 75-84. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B8JHM-4VRNNKM-2_user=899537_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2008_rdoc=1_fmt=high_orig=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_searchStrId=1253612908_rerunOrigin=scholar.google_acct=C000047642_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=899537md5=3f2fe272f1c4fb849562e877dad82a11 11. Baker, C. (2006, May). Blurring the model. Airline Business, 22(5), 40-44. Retrieved September 17, 2008, from Business Source Complete database. 12. AOL Finance Web Site. Ryanair Holdings PLC Income Statement. Retrieved October 5,2008 from http://finance.aol.com/ryanair-holdings-plc/income-statement

The Mayor Of Casterbridge Essay -- essays research papers

Literature: The Mayor of Casterbridge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Can it be said that Henchard's downfall is all due to 'some great error?' Some may believe that it is a penance for selling Susan, but this would be to take Newson out of the equation, who, it must be said, is just as guilty of this act as Henchard. I believe that Henchard is totally blameless for his downfall, to use a bad pun that will become apparent later, it is in his nature. It is my belief that Henchard is a personification of nature. It is obvious that his life has completed a revolution but when you look closely, you can see that Henchard's life resembles the seasons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our first image of Henchard is one of winter, his clothing is described as '…a short jacket of brown corduroy…white horn buttons…and a straw hat overlaid with black glazed canvas.'; Black, brown and white conjure images of the countryside in the heart of winter for me. Hechard's life is in a rather bad point but things start looking up when he sells Susan, it is at this point that he moves into spring. We are told little of what happens between Susan's sale and when she comes looking for him but I would say that during this period Henchard passes through spring as he gives up liquor and moves into summer when he becomes mayor. When we next see Henchard he is on the brink of autumn, his progression down through the social strata is very autumnal as his creeps, inch by inch, t...